Uganda is making iris biometrics part of its new national digital identity card.  It serves not just as an added layer of “security” but also as an alternative for people who do not have fingerprints that can be matched.

During a recent parliamentary briefing, Rosemary Kisembo, the Executive Director of the National Identification and Registration Authority of Uganda (“NIRA”), responded to questions about issues raised in the Auditor General’s 2022/2023 report.

Rosemary Kisembo is a Ugandan software engineer and corporate executive who has served as the Executive Director of the National Identification and Registration Authority of Uganda (NIRA) since 14 May 2021. She is an ambassador for ID4Africa, a “movement” that aims to help African nations achieve the objectives of the United Nations (“UN”) Sustainable Development Goal 16.9.

ID4Africa’s foundation partners are the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and eBay founder Pierre Omidyar’s Omidyar Network.  Its development partner is the World Bank, a specialised agency of the UN, and its thematic partner is Mastercard.

It is claimed that ID4Africa is not directly part of Identification for Development (“ID4D”) and is a regional movement that focuses on digital identity development in Africa.  However, ID4Africa aligns with the global ID4D agenda and its goals and has common orchestrators.

ID4D is a World Bank initiative which focuses on promoting digital identification systems, globally. You can see how far this nefarious plan has progressed in various countries HERE.  In a report released in 2018 by the World Bank titled ‘ID4D Country Diagnostic: Uganda’ the World Bank stated: “The work of ID4D is made possible with support from World Bank Group, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Omidyar Network, and the Australian Government.”

A more recent report – the ‘World Bank’s Annual Report for 2023’ published in March this year – showcased the significant progress made by ID4D and its ugly sister the Digitalising Government to Person Payments (“G2Px”) initiative and named the collaborators.

ID4D and G2Px’s success would not be possible without the close collaboration and strong support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; French Treasury; Norwegian Agency for Development (Norad); United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office; and the Omidyar Network. It is also a result of partnerships with academia, the private sector, and civil society.

World Bank. Putting People at the Centre of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI): Annual Report 2023 (English). Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099647503042425828/IDU1a9d1a6be130dc148e6193181cf9d26959fb9

Further reading:

• Bill Gates and the UN impose their digital IDs on Sierra Leoneans
• Nigeria’s digital prison has been built and the gates are closing

Kisembo’s ambassadorship of ID4Africa, and by extension the Bill Gates-World Bank ID4D initiative, indicates why she was chosen to head NIRA and what is lurking behind the agenda.  Bearing this in mind, let’s return to the recent Ugandan parliamentary briefing.

According to the Uganda Broadcasting Corporation (“UBC”), Kisembo stated that there are currently 1 million people in NIRA’s register whose fingerprints did not satisfy the requirements. However, the authority also uses facial recognition to capture biometric data. So, NIRA will start incorporating iris scans in capturing biometric data for people registering to acquire national identities (“IDs”).

NIRA had announced its intention to add iris biometrics to the national ID card, produced in partnership with Veridos, early this year.

According to Kisembo, face and iris biometrics will be collected from persons who have lost their vital fingerprint features either due to ageing, injury, permanent disabilities, or other physical conditions that make the capture of one’s fingerprints difficult or impossible. This was part of her response to a question on why verification machines have been unable to recognise some people’s fingerprints. She mentioned that about one million fingerprint records in the registry are no longer recognisable.

As well as government subsidies, NIRA collects revenue through various means to support its operations and services:

• Registration fees from National Identification Number (“NIN”) registration, National Identity Card registration and Replacement of lost or damaged identity cards.
• Fees for services such as verification of identity documents and Issuance of duplicate identity cards.
• Other fees such as from the sale of identity cards to non-citizens and fees for the provision of identity verification services to government agencies and private organisations.

They are making people pay for the system that will enslave them.

Showing no signs of shame, during the parliamentary briefing, lawmakers sought an explanation on why just about half of the 15 billion Ugandan shillings (£3.2 million) expected as non-tax revenue from NIRA in the 2022/2023 fiscal year was collected.

Kisembo said this is due to delays in starting the mass registration and renewal process for the national ID from which UGX7.9 billion (£1.7 million) was projected to be raised.

NIRA put off a plan to commence mass enrolment for the national ID in June, and it is now not clear when exactly the exercise will begin.

Kisembo also took the opportunity to remind lawmakers that NIRA remains headquartered at a facility owned by the Ministry of Defence. The agency has requested offices of its own for the last four years, but the request has been “an unfunded priority” each year, she said, according to New Vision.

The above is adapted from the article ‘NIRA explains adding iris biometrics to Uganda ID’ published by Biometric Update.  You can read the original article HERE.

Featured images taken from Uganda Set to Deploy DNA Recognition ‘Smart Digital’ Biometric ID, Vision Times, 12 August 2022 (left) and Iris biometrics for food distribution, IriTech, 14 March 2022 (right).

Source:  https://expose-news.com/2024/07/09/uganda-is-making-iris-biometrics-part-of-its-national-digital-id/

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To decide whether and where to move in the body, cells must read chemical signals in their environment. Individual cells do not act alone during this process, two new studies on mouse mammary tissue show. Instead, the cells make decisions collectively after exchanging information about the chemical messages they are receiving.

“Cells talk to nearby cells and compare notes before they make a move,” says Ilya Nemenman, a theoretical biophysicist at Emory University and a co-author of both studies, published by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). The co-authors also include scientists from Johns Hopkins, Yale and Purdue.

The researchers discovered that the cell communication process works similarly to a message relay in the telephone game. “Each cell only talks to its neighbor,” Nemenman explains. “A cell in position one only talks to a cell in position two. So position one needs to communicate with position two in order to get information from the cell in position three.”

And like the telephone game — where a line of people whisper a message to the person next to them — the original message starts to become distorted as it travels down the line.

The researchers found that, for the cells in their experiments, the message begins to get garbled after passing through about four cells, by a factor of about three.

“We built a mathematical model for this linear relay of cellular information and derived a formula for its best possible accuracy,” Nemenman says. “Directed cell migration is important in processes from cancer to the development of organs and tissues. Other researchers can apply our model beyond the mouse mammary gland and analyze similar phenomena in a wide variety of healthy and diseased systems.”

Since at least the 1970s, and pivotal work by Howard Berg and Ed Purcell, scientists have been trying to understand in detail how cells decide to take an action based on chemical cues.

Every cell in a body has the same genome but they can do different things and go in different directions because they measure different chemical signals in their environment. Those chemical signals are made up of molecules that randomly move around.

“Cells can sense not just the precise concentration of a chemical signal, but concentration differences,” Nemenman says. “That’s very important because in order to know which direction to move, a cell has to know in which direction the concentration of the chemical signal is higher. Cells sense this gradient and it gives them a reference for the direction in which to move and grow.”

Berg and Purcell understood the best possible margin of error — the detection limit — for such gradient sensing. During the subsequent 30 years, researchers have established that many different cells, in many different organisms, work at this detection limit. Living cells can sense chemicals better than any humanmade device.

It was not known, however, that cells can sense signals and make movement decisions collectively.

“Previous research has typically focused on cultured cells,” Nemenman says. “And when you culture cells, the first thing to go away is cell-to-cell interaction. The cells are no longer a functioning tissue, but a culture of individual cells, so it’s difficult to study many collective effects.”

The first PNAS paper drew from three-dimensional micro-fluidic techniques from the Yale University lab of Andre Levchenko, a biomedical engineer who studies how cells navigate; research on mouse mammary tissue at the Johns Hopkins lab of Andrew Ewald, a biologist focused on the cellular mechanisms of cancer; and the quantification methods of Nemenman, who studies the physics of biological systems, and Andrew Mugler, a former post-doctoral fellow in Nemenman’s lab at Emory who now has his own research group at Purdue.

The 3D micro fluidics allowed the researchers to experiment with functional organoids, or clumps of cells. The method does not disrupt the interaction of the cells.

The results showed that epidermal growth factor, or EGF, is the signal that these cells track, and that the cells were not making decisions about which way to move as individuals, but collectively.

“The clumps of cells, working collectively, could detect insanely small differences in concentration gradients — such as 498 molecules of EGF versus 502 molecules — on different sides of one cell,” Nemenman says. “That accuracy is way better than the best possible margin of error determined by Berg and Purcell of about plus or minus 20. Even at these small concentration gradients, the organoids start reshaping and moving toward the higher concentration. These cells are not just optimal gradient detectors. They seem super optimal, defying the laws of nature.”

Collective cell communication boosts their detection accuracy, turning a line of about four cells into a single, super-accurate measurement unit.

In the second PNAS paper, Nemenman, Mugler and Levchenko looked at the limits to the cells’ precision of collective gradient sensing not just spatially, but over time.

“We hypothesized that if the cells kept on communicating with one another over hours or days, and kept on accumulating information, that might expand the accuracy further than four cells across,” Nemenman says. “Surprisingly, however, this was not the case. We found that there is always a limit of how far information can travel without being garbled in these cellular systems.”

Together, the two papers offer a detailed model for collective cellular gradient sensing, verified by experiments in mouse mammary organoids. The collective model expands the classic Berg-Purcell results for the best accuracy of an individual cell, which stood for almost forty years. The new formula quantifies the additional advantages and limitations on the accuracy coming from the cells working collectively.

“Our findings are not just intellectually important. They provide new ways to study many normal and abnormal developmental processes,” Nemenman says.

The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Emory Health Sciences. The original item was written by Carol Clark.

Journal References:

1. David Ellison, Andrew Mugler, Matthew D. Brennan, Sung Hoon Lee, Robert J. Huebner, Eliah R. Shamir, Laura A. Woo, Joseph Kim, Patrick Amar, Ilya Nemenman, Andrew J. Ewald, and Andre Levchenko. Cell–cell communication enhances the capacity of cell ensembles to sense shallow gradients during morphogenesis. PNAS, January 2016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516503113
2. Andrew Mugler, Andre Levchenko, and Ilya Nemenman. Limits to the precision of gradient sensing with spatial communication and temporal integration. PNAS, January 2016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1509597112

(Source:  sciencedaily.com; January 21, 2016; http://tinyurl.com/hjnb8v8)

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